Study and explain other types of pollution like noise pollution, E-M pollution, radio-active radiation etc.

NOISE POLLUTION:

                                   

            Noise pollution, also known as environmental noise or sound pollution, is the propagation of noise with harmful impact on the activity of human or animal life. Generally the main source of the noise pollution are the high and bulky machineries and vehicles. The noise pollution is the result of unmanaged community and improper rules and regulation. Some noise pollution are intentional whereas some may be unintentional. The intentional pollution includes horn without its necessity, loud music, etc. moreover building construction, public programs, maintenance falls under the unintentional pollution. In addition Noise pollution associated with household electricity generators is an emerging environmental degradation in many developing nations. The average noise level of 97.60 dB obtained exceeded the WHO value of 50 dB allowed for residential areas. Research suggests that noise pollution is the highest in low-income and racial minority neighborhoods. Noise pollution induces the numerous types of short term and long term problems in the human beings and animals as well.

High noise levels can contribute to cardiovascular effects in humans and an increased incidence of coronary artery disease. In animals, noise can increase the risk of death by altering predator or prey detection and avoidance, interfere with reproduction and navigation, and contribute to permanent hearing loss. While the elderly may have cardiac problems due to noise, according to the World Health Organization, children are especially vulnerable to noise, and the effects that noise has on children may be permanent.  Noise poses a serious threat to a child’s physical and psychological health, and may negatively interfere with a child's learning and behavior.

 ELECTROMAGNETIC POLLUTION:

                   In our daily lives we are always in cope with the new and advanced technologies like mobile phones, computers, television, projectors, etc. These equipment extracts the harmful radiation namely electromagnetic radiation which are hazardous to the living being’s health. Moreover the humans and the animals are continuously exposed with the cosmic radiation and other unseen radiation in the atmosphere. In fact, animals and plants use electromagnetic radiation for a variety of their living activities e. g. communication, control and regulation of their various physiological, psychological and behavioral functions. Though essential for living organisms, exposure to excess such radiation beyond the naturally evolved tolerance limits causes various harmful effects in them. The effects of increased exposure to electromagnetic radiation on human, animal and plant bodies are now coming to light and are being increasingly studied. In addition, to study the health status and other medical and experimenting purposes, high amount of radiation is released.

                        The effects of extremely low-frequency electromagnetic radiations are dependent on dose and duration of exposure and are cumulative. It may take years of exposure before symptoms will appear. Usually symptoms of such electromagnetic pollution manifest as constant headaches, lack of energy, loss of appetite, mental blocks, decreased ability to concentrated, insomnia & sleep disturbances, palpitations, dizziness, trembling and rashes. After prolonged exposure, the symptoms may proceed to blackouts, nervous & psychological disorders like depression, feeling of being trapped, anxiety attacks, increased suicidal impulses, epilepsy, lowered libido & fertility, increased risk of arthritis and even cancer. White blood cells (WBC) are particularly sensitive to electromagnetic radiation and the risk of leukemia is increased in those areas where exposure to such radiations is high e.g. around power lines. Exposure to alternating magnetic fields accompanies exposure to electromagnetic radiations around power lines and from a variety of electrical appliances. Such exposure causes build up of serum triglycerides i.e. the fats found in blood stream that are implicated in heart diseases. Constant or frequent overexposure to such radiations may contribute to onset of heart problems.

                        Apart from human beings, a number of detrimental effects of electromagnetic radiations have also been observed on animals and plants. It has been observed that earthworms are distributed and move away from underground power cables. Hens living near power lines lay scrambled eggs in thin shells, bees seal up their hives and become aggressive, cows’ loose appetite and birds such as homing pigeons become disoriented. Plants exposed to electromagnetic radiation show disturbed root growth, seed germination, growth of pollen tubes, ion & water uptake and photosynthesis. Thus the appropriate action must be taken to eradicate or reduce the electromagnetic radiation.

RADIOACTIVE RADIATION POLLUTION:

                       

                        Radioactive pollution is defined as the increase in the natural radiation levels caused by human activities. It is estimated that about 20% of radiation we are exposed to is due to human activities. The human activities that can release radiation involve activities with radioactive materials such as mining, handling and processing of radioactive materials, handling and storage of radioactive waste, as well as the use of radioactive reactions to generate energy (nuclear power plants), along with the use of radiation in medicine (e.g. X-rays) and research. The radioactive decay generally deals with the chemical excess or as a byproduct unlike the electromagnetic radiation which is the usage of electric and electronics equipment. The radioactive radiation is the most harmful and catastrophic. This may results to the very

Sustaining problems which are very hard to reduce and controlled. The radioactive pollution are in the order of harmful to the most harmful. Most determining and dire radioactive pollution includes the nuclear fusion or fission.

                        Radioactive pollution is a vital ecological crisis. It could be much worse if extreme caution is not utilized in the handling and use of radioactive material, and in the design and operation of nuclear power plants. There are three basic tools that can provide protection against a radiation source. These are time, distance and shielding. The goal of the protection is to prevent over exposure from external radiation and to minimize the entry of radionuclides into the body or minimize internal radiation. Controlling Radiation Pollution can be done at various levels, such as usage and treatment of radiation waste, the control and mitigation of nuclear accidents, as well as the control and minimization of personal exposure to radiation at an individual level .Apart from being an inevitable series of negative effects of radiations, it is the duty of humans with regard to Radiation Standards Organizations to help in reducing the harmful effects of this kind of pollution.

LIGHT POLLUTION:

Light pollution, also known as photo pollution is an excessive use of artificial lights which shrinkage the value of original light.  The light pollution seems to be general but it is the most adverse agent which would deviate the human mankind into misleading destination  and the virtual world. As a major side-effect of urbanization, it is blamed for compromising health, disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments. Light pollution competes with the starlight during the night view, interferes with the astronomical studies, hampers certain animals surviving during night (nocturnal animals), and might decline the human ability of night visibility.

                                    Light pollution is a side-effect of industrial civilization. Its sources include building exterior and interior lighting, advertising, outdoor area lighting (e.g. car parks/parking lots), offices, factories, streetlights, and illuminated sporting venues. It is most severe in highly industrialized, densely populated areas of North America, Europe, and Japan and in major cities in the Middle East and North Africa like Tehran and Cairo, but even relatively small amounts of light can be noticed and create problems. Awareness of the deleterious effects of light pollution began early in the 20th Century, but efforts to address effects did not begin until the 1950s.  In the 1980s a global dark-sky movement emerged with the founding of the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA). There are now such educational and advocacy organizations in many countries worldwide.

                                                                                            -source: www.google.com